The Gnaoua World Music Festival..

The Gnaoua World Music Festival is a Gnawa music festival held annually in Essaouira, Morocco.
The festival provides a platform for exchanges and a meeting point of music and dialogue between foreign artists and the mystical Gnaoua (also Gnawa) musicians. In this melting-pot of musical fusion, the Gnaoua masters invite players of jazz, pop, rock and contemporary World music to explore new avenues.


This scupture Moroccan delegations greatest interest of researchers in ethnomusicology.
Here is the oldest known sculpture of a maalem gnawa. It dates from the colonial era in Africa. The time when Stanley and Livingstone visited for the first time in Africa!
Unfortunately, I can not read the inscription below the bronze is in very bad condition Colonial in the park of Tervuren in Belgium!


The Gnawa (or Gnaoua, Ghanawa, Ghanawi, Gnawi) people originated from North and West Africa; to be precise the ancient Ghanaian Empire of Ouagadougou (present day Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Burkino Faso and 85% of Mali (pre Gnawi/Mali Wars)).
This name Gnawa is taken from one of the indigenous languages of the Sahara Desert called Tamazight. The phonology of this term according to the grammatical principles of Tamazight is as follows: Gnawi (singular), Gnawa (collective) and Gnawn (plural rarely used).
The Gnawa are an ethnic group whom, with the passing of time became a part of the Sufi order in Morocco. This kingdom bordered Morocco and Algeria's southern borders, and had a 300 year blood war with Morocco, prior to both countries forging a long lasting peace accord (conducted between the Monarchs of both countries alone with a scribe). Evidence of this is found is the tribal oral tradition of both countries (Soussi, Riffi, & Ashanti tribes). The result of which saw unprecedented levels of marriages between the Gnawis (ancient Ghanaians) and Soussis of Morocco. A small percentage of this community (Gnawa/Ghanawa) were given to Morocco's monarch (Mulay: to mean Emperor) as workers as a token and seal of the aforementioned accord. They traveled to Morocco by way of tribal caravans during (and external to) the hours of trade Trans-Saharan 

Come to Morocco and witness the rich culture by participating in Essaouira gnaoua festival. The Essaouira Gnaoua and World Music Festival celebrate the mysterious music of the Gnaouas and other worldwide rhythms. Originating through a cross-pollination of African magic and Islamic rituals, mesmerizing Gnaoua rhythms of drums and other instruments lead performers into a trance-like state. The Essaouira gnaoua festival is held in Essaouira, a picturesque port painted in blue and white that is the ideal resort of which most travelers dream: laid-back and yet vibrant, atmospheric yet relaxing. In this extraordinary melting pot of music, jazz, rock, and world musicians create original fusions on stage and share their musical cultures. Essaouira gnaoua festival performances are in afternoons and evenings, giving you plenty of time to relax and enjoy the idyllic charm of Essaouira by day. It is one of the major festivals in Morocco. Essaouira gnaoua festival performances are known to be one of the best out of the many festivals in Morocco.

Your musical journey at the Essaouira gnaoua festival begins with welcome by your private driver upon your arrival at Marrakech, an ancient city of weathered pink buildings and orange groves at the base of the snow-capped Atlas Mountains. Spend the afternoon at the Essaouira gnaoua festival with a private guide as you explore fascinating local souks (markets), ancient palaces, and lush gardens. Be sure to visit the Djemaa el-Fna at the Essaouira gnaoua festival, a carnivalesque public square where water sellers, snake charmers, magicians, and storytellers compete for an audience. Depart in the morning for the seaside town of Essaouira and home to the Essaouira Gnaoua Festival. A former Portuguese settlement in the 18th century, Essaouira overlooks an emerald sea where windsurfers frolic near the fringe of silvery beach and camels ferry passengers across fine sand. Dine at the fish market where you can select your fish to be grilled before your eyes. Explore the old fortress ramparts, browse artisan shops, or dream on the beach. Soak in the atmosphere that has been an inspiration since the 1960s for music legends from the Rolling Stones to Cat Stevens to Jimmy Hendrix, who composed Castles in the Sand on Essaouira's beaches. Today the town continues to lure musicians and artists alike to the sparkling whitewashed fishing village trimmed with the brilliant azure of its skies. Depart at the conclusion of the festival, or extend your visit to discover many more of Morocco's delights.

Morocco cultural and civilizational heritage

Morocco cultural and civilizational heritage


Situated on the northwestern-most corner on the continent of Africa, Morocco historically has been the pathway for the migration of ideas and cultural exchange between East and West. Within its borders, Morocco offers a rich diversity of landscapes and cultures: the Mediterranean Andalusian coast, the Islamic imperial cities, the mountain Berber trips, and the desert Bedouin oases. Renowned for its spirit of hospitality and long-lived friendship , Morocco is an ideal location to explore the rich cultures of Islam, Africa, and colonial Europe.

Morocco has a rich and a varied cultural and civilizational heritage. Every region has its special values and characteristics and contributes to development of this heritage. Preservation of the country's historical monuments is a major responsibility for all.

Moroccan ethnic diversity, extending from the Mediterranean  shore passing through the Rif, the Atlas mountains and the wide plains lying between them down to the confines of the Sahara, naturally receptive to African arts, has played an innovative role with respect to Islamic art. It brought about new patterns especially in architecture, illumination of manuscripts and decorative ornaments. These innovations were reflected in carpets, jewellery, pottery, ceramics, drape of garments, etc

Couscous..Moroccan Cuisine

Couscous is known as a gift from Allah and is a staple of North African countries. When prepared traditionally, fine semolina is rubbed with super fine semolina to coat until it resembles a grain. When steamed it becomes light and fluffy

Heat the oil in a large nonstick pan, add the onions and cook gently for 5 minutes until they soften. Stir in the Quorn and spices (unlike meat and poultry, Quorn doesn't need to be browned), then add the apricots and stock. Bring to the boil, then turn the heat down and cook gently for 10-15 minutes.

Meanwhile, make up the couscous following the packet instructions - it will take about 450ml boiling water to give it a nice fluffy texture. Fork through the lemon zest and mint. Season to taste.

Spoon the couscous onto serving plates, pile the Quorn mixture on top and scatter with the cashews.

Travel To Morocco & Learn About Moroccan Couscous Traditions and Morocco Recipes

Couscous, or more affectionately known as seksu or sikuk, is the national dish of Morocco. The origins of the dish’s name is still a mystery, but many attribute it to the hissing sound as its steam moves through the holes of the couscoussière (steamer). When traveling to Morocco it is a must to eat couscous with a traditional Moroccan family.

While in most Moroccan families this rolled semolina cereal is prepared and eaten on Fridays, a few incorporate couscous into their diet at least a few times a week. Although some debate exists, couscous is a food whose origins are best linked with the Berbers from North Africa. As the Berbers were poor agrarian people living in the mountains, it became a staple food for them due to easy access to wheat in Morocco.

 

At one point in time, couscous was also the national dish for southern Spain; however, when the Arabs were expelled it became illegal to eat couscous by the decree of the inquisition. Only in recent years has couscous made an appearance in western cultures. Unfortunately, many pre-packaged instant varieties of couscous circulate in western stores. As a result, many people have the false idea that couscous shouldn’t take much longer than spaghetti to prepare. While it is possible to achieve a good couscous if handled properly, an authentic couscous can take up to five hours to cook.

 

Couscous is also a celebratory dish eaten at weddings, funerals or the end of festivals or holidays like Ramadan.

Traditionally, Dadas, the hidden faces of Morocco, were responsible for making the best couscous. Wheat was bought at the local market and brought to the local mill to have granules ground into preferred degrees of fineness. Only then would it be rolled by hand, followed by an addition of semolina seeds and cold salt water to moisten it. Flour was necessary to add to thicken the couscous.

While couscous is often a dish that is served under meat or a vegetable stew, it can also be eaten alone flavored or plain, warm or cold, as a dessert or a side dish. In Morocco it is prepared using a variety of other elements popular with children such as dried fruit, nuts, and cinnamon. One thing to keep in mind when eating couscous during your travels in Morocco is that it is a communal dish and eaten with your hands. This is especially important if you are a guest in someone’s home. Worry not, your host will surely understand that eating couscous in Morocco may be new to you and subtlety shows you how to roll couscous into a ball. If you get confused, just look to your neighbor.

When properly cooked couscous should be light and fluffy; it should not be gummy or gritty. Couscous is steamed two to three times. The traditional North African method is to use a steamer called a kiska:s in Arabic or couscoussière in French. The base is a tall metal pot shaped rather like an oil jar in which the meat and vegetables are cooked in a stew. On top of the base a steamer sits where the couscous is cooked, absorbing the flavors from the stew. The lid to the steamer has holes around its edge so that steam can escape. It is also possible to use a pot with a steamer insert. If the holes are too big the steamer can be lined with damp cheesecloth. 

Recipe: Seven-vegetable couscous with chunky onion harissa

 

Ingredients:

 

For the couscous:

1/4 cup plus 1 tablespoon olive oil

2 large leeks (white and pale green parts only), minced

4 large garlic cloves, chopped

2 1/4 cups chicken stock or canned broth

1 cup raisins

1 cup 1/2-inch cubes peeled butternut squash

 

1 large yellow crookneck squash, cut into 1/2-inch cubes

1 large zucchini, cut into 1/2-inch cubes

3/4 cup frozen baby lima beans, thawed

1 teaspoon turmeric

1/2 teaspoon ground ginger

Pinch (generous) of cayenne pepper

1 cup diced seeded plum tomatoes

3/4 cup frozen peas, thawed

1/2 cup coarsely chopped fresh cilantro

1 1/2 cups (about 10 ounces) couscous

Lemon wedges

 

For the harissa:

1/4 cup tomato paste

1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon dried crushed red pepper

3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper

1 cup olive oil

1/2 cup red wine vinegar

6 green onions, chopped

 

1 small red onion, chopped

2 large garlic cloves, minced

Preparation

 

To make the couscous:

Heat oil in heavy large Dutch oven over low heat. Add leeks and garlic. Cover and cook until leeks are very tender but not brown, stirring occasionally, about 10 minutes. Add stock and next 8 ingredients. Season with salt and pepper. Increase heat and bring mixture to boil. Cover, reduce heat to medium and simmer until vegetables are crisp-tender, about 5 minutes. Mix in tomatoes, peas, cilantro, then couscous. Remove from heat. Cover and let stand 10 minutes.

 

Fluff couscous with fork. Transfer to large platter. Garnish with lemon wedges. Serve, passing Chunky Onion Harissa separately.

 

To make the harissa:

Combine tomato paste, crushed red pepper and cayenne pepper in bowl. Gradually whisk in oil. Whisk in vinegar. Mix in onions and garlic. Season generously with salt and pepper. (Can be prepared 8 hours ahead. Let stand at room temperature. Stir harissa well before using.)